Republished from Penn State Extension- Jennifer Latzgo, Master Watershed Steward, Lehigh Valley

Impacts of Chloride Pollution on Stream Ecosystems
Chloride is problematic for stream organisms because it reduces oxygen levels and creates osmotic stress. "EPT" organisms: Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), and Trichoptera (caddisflies) are a vital part of the food web and are used as bioindicators of stream health. Research has shown that their numbers decrease significantly as chloride levels increase. Current research indicates that the threshold for long-term toxicity for these creatures for chloride is 50 mg/l.
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Chloride also has an impact on other aquatic life. Studies have shown that chloride affects frogs and salamanders during their larval stages in vernal pools, causing deformities and increased mortality. Fish have been found to have reduced hatching rates and reduced growth overall, and aquatic plants are also affected because chloride affects their ability to absorb water through their roots. In ponds and lakes, salty water is denser and forms a layer of oxygen-deficient water at the bottom, which is harmful to wildlife.

Miranda Neville, Agricultural Resource Technician, BCCD
Bradford county was built on Agriculture. In the past decade the numbers of farms have steadily been decreasing. However, there is still strong desire to farm in Bradford County with a few new ones popping up now and then. To encourage farmers new and experienced, it is important to showcase the resources we have locally. For the first time, Bradford County Conservation District is hosting a Farmer Resource Expo! The event will be held on January 23, 2026 from 9am-1pm at Alparon Park, Exhibit Hall 2. We will also hear farmer testimonials in our “Ask a Farmer” panel from 12-1pm. 

The following is republished from Penn State Extension- Jennifer Latzgo, Master Watershed Steward, Lehigh Valley

What You Can Do to Reduce Road Salt Pollution at Home

Here are some steps you can take:
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• Shovel frequently so snow does not accumulate and turn to ice.
• Salt works best on a thin layer of ice; always shovel any excess snow/ice before applying it.
• Using more salt does not make snow and ice melt faster; it's not necessary to feel the crunch underfoot for the salt to be effective: one 12-ounce coffee mug of salt is sufficient for a 20-foot driveway or 10 sidewalk paving squares. The grains of salt should be about 3 inches apart.
• Only apply salt in places where it is necessary.
• After the storm, sweep up any excess salt and use it for the next time it snows.
• You can also use alternatives to rock salt, such as sand, kitty litter, or birdseed.
• If bad weather is forecast, cover small areas, such as steps, with a tarp to prevent snow accumulation.
• Remember that it only takes one teaspoon of salt to pollute five gallons of water!
• (From other articles on the same issue-)
  • use a brine, like the state does now.  It can cut the amount needed by 70%.  (Environmental Hazards of Road Salt- PSU Extension, Justin Mansberger)
  • Use a ”friendly” deicer- Calcium Chloride (which, by the way, does not include cyanide.  Yea, cyanide.  Rock salt uses it for an anti-caking agent.), Magnesium Chloride, or Calcium Magnesium Acetate.  All are less harmful, but may be more expensive.   (Watershed-friendly Deicing- PSU Extension, Justin Mansberger)
• Did you know that salt is basically ineffective below 15 degrees?  (I did not.)  Calcium Chloride is effective down to -20 degrees, and Magnesium Chloride down to -10 degrees.  (Google search, AI Overview)  Right there is reason enough to switch to a better product.